advanced electronics advanced technologies aerospace alternative materials artificial intelligence availability batteries bioleaching challenges China circular economy clean energy cobalt consumer electronics critical materials Critical minerals deforestation demand distribution dysprosium electric vehicles electronic devices electronics energy storage environmental challenges environmental concerns environmental impact environmental impacts environmental regulations extraction future geopolitical geopolitical dynamics geopolitical implications geopolitical tensions geopolitics global demand global economy global market, global supply chain global supply chains governments green energy green technologies habitat destruction high high-tech applications high-tech devices indium industries industry innovation international cooperation Lithium lithium-ion batteries low-carbon economy magnets manufacturing market dynamics mining modern technologies modern technology national security neodymium nickel niobium permanent magnets platinum price volatility processing production rare earth elements rare earth metals rare metals recycling recycling technologies renewable energy renewable energy systems renewable energy technologies scandium scarcity smartphones solar panels solutions strategic importance supply chain supply chains sustainability sustainable energy sustainable energy solutions tantalum technological advancements technological innovation technology terbium titanium unique properties urban mining wind turbines yttrium